PHYSIQUE 1

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• Physics Course
  

  Physics Course

  People’s Democratic Republic
  Of Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
   Larbi Ben M'hidi University

  
  

  Physics-I

  Elements of Mechanics
  

  
  

  Author

  Dr. Sara BENZITOUNI

  Doctor in physics of semiconductors and materials

  Lecturer A at the Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, University of Oum El Bouaghi

  E-mail : benzitouni.sara@gmail.com;  benzitouni.sara@univ-oeb.dz

  

  Mechanics is the science that studies motion and the forces that produce or modify it. It is one of the most familiar branches of physics because motion is a fundamental aspect of everyday human experience. Historically, mechanics developed earlier than other fields of physics due to its direct relevance to practical problems such as transportation, construction, and machinery.

  Elements of Mechanics, also known as classical or Newtonian mechanics, deals with kinematics (the study of motion without considering its causes) and dynamics (the study of motion and the forces that cause it), within which the concepts of work and energy are fundamental tools for analyzing mechanical systems.

  Objectives

  

  Learning Objective:

  This course aims to introduce students to the basic principles of Newtonian physics by exploring three main areas: kinematics, dynamics, and work and energy.

  Learning Skills:

  By the end of this module, students will be able to:

  1. Determine the position of a moving object using various frames of reference.
  2. Describe and analyze the kinematics of a point mass in both fixed frames and frames in relative motion.
  3. Understand the nature of forces and physical interactions, and distinguish between states of rest and motion.
  4. Apply the principles of dynamics (Newton's laws) to a point mass for studying its motion.
  5. Explain and use the concepts of work, and kinetic, potential, and mechanical energy for both a point mass and a system.

  Target Audience

  

  This course is designed for first-year students in the Science and Technology (ST) common core (tronc commun 1 ^st ST) within the LMD system (Licence/Master/Doctorate).
  

  Prerequisites

  

  Scientific Baccalaureate:  kinematics and the principles of Newtonian mechanics from the final year of high school.

  Mathematical Background: Strong understanding of differential and integral calculus, as well as vector calculus.

  Course Presentation

  

  This course offers a thorough introduction to the fundamental concepts of Mechanics of Material point particle, integrating the essential mathematical tools needed for a clear and solid understanding of the subject. 

  We hope you find the course both enjoyable and intellectually rewarding!

  Course content

  

  The course content consists of 6 chapters subdivided into 13-14 sessions consistent with the programs of the first semester 1:

  • Chapter-01: Dimensional analysis (1 week)
  • Chapter-02: Vector calculus (2 weeks)
  • Chapter-03: Kinematics of material point (4 weeks)
  • Chapter-04: Relative movement (1 week)
  • Chapter-05: Dynamics of material point (Newton's laws and Angular momentum theorem) (3 weeks)
  • Chapter-06: Work and energy (2 weeks)

  Hourly volume

  

   67.5 hours (Lectures: 1.5 hours, Tutorials: 3 hours)

  Lecture sessions: 13; Tutorial sessions: 26

  Credits: 6; Coefficient: 3

  Assessment methods

  

  Continuous assessments: 40%

  Final exam at the end of the semester: 60%

  • Programme Fichier
  • Chat about the Module/Program
  • Forum -Discussion : Module/Program
  • Prerequisite test (20 pts)
• Chapter 1: Dimensional Analysis
  

  Chapter 1: Dimensional Analysis

  Chapter 1: Dimensional Analysis

  
  

  Chapter Description:
  Dimensional analysis is a fundamental tool in physics and mathematics that allows us to determine the physical dimensions of a quantity and, consequently, its corresponding unit of measurement. By analyzing the relationships between different physical quantities, this method helps verify the consistency of equations, simplify complex problems, and predict how changes in one variable affect others.
  

  Learning Outcomes:

  By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

  1. Use dimensional equations to identify the physical quantity being evaluated.
  2. Apply the principle of homogeneity to extract or verify a physical law from a formula.

  • Chapter I: Dimensional Analysis Fichier
  • Tutorial n°1 : Dimensional analysis Fichier
  • Chat -1- Dimensional Analysis
  • Forum-1-Dimensional Analysis
  • Devoir-1-Dimensional Analysis
  • Mini Test-1 (6 pts)
• Chapter 2: Vector Calculus
  

  Chapter 2: Vector Calculus

  Chapter 2: Vector Calculus

  
  

  Chapter Description:
  Vector calculus has its origins in the pioneering work of William R. Hamilton (1805–1865) in 1843 and Hermann G. Grassmann (1809–1877) in 1844. Hamilton’s contributions, particularly his development of quaternion algebra, which extends the calculus of complex numbers, played a major role in the early development of the theory.

  Learning Outcomes:
  By the end of this unit, the student will be able to:

  1. Understand the concept of a vector and its fundamental properties.
  2. Comprehend the notion of a direct orthonormal basis (plane, space)
  3. Determine the coordinates of a vector in a given basis.(vector, sum and difference vectors
  4. Apply the scalar product, the cross product and mixed product.

  • Chapter 2: Vector Calculus Fichier
  • Tutorial n°2-Vector calculus 2026 Fichier
  • Chat-2-Vector Calculus
  • Forum-2-Vector Calculus
  • Videos-Tutorials -2: Exercises from Benzitouni Channel URL
  • Devoir-2 - Vector Calculus
  • Mini Test-2 (6 pts)
• Chapter 3: Kinematics
  

  Chapter 3: Kinematics

  Chapter 3: Kinematics of material point

  
  

  Chapter Description:
  

  René Descartes (1596–1650), in his Principles of Philosophy (1644), distinguished the first cause of all motion (God, the author of nature) from secondary causes, which he identified as the laws of nature. His description of the physical world is fundamentally kinematic, with motion transmitted from point to point by contact.

  The kinematics of a point focuses on the study of a material point’s motion independently of the forces causing it. This approach allows us to analyze the relationships between key parameters of motion—such as position, velocity, and acceleration—and understand how these parameters are expressed or transformed in different coordinate systems or under changes in the frame of reference.

  Learning Outcomes:
  By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

  1. Describe the characteristics of motion, including Position, Velocity, and Acceleration, vectors.

  2. Study the rectilinear and curvilinear movements
  3. Expressed Position, Velocity, and Acceleration vectors in different coordinate systems.(Cartesian, Intrinsic, Polar, cylindrical and spherical).
  4. Select the appropriate coordinate system based on the problem being studied.

  • Chapter 3: Kinematics of material point Fichier
  • Tutorial n°3 - Kinematic (2026) Fichier
  • Videos-Tutorials -3: Exercises from Benzitouni Channel URL
  • Chat-3- Kinematics
  • Forum-5- Kinematics
  • Devoir -3- Kinematics
  • Mini Test -3 (6 pts)
• Chapter 4: Relative movement
  

  Chapter 4: Relative movement

  Chapter 4: Relative movement

  

  Chapter Description:
  Relative motion studies how the movement of an object depends on the reference frame from which it is observed. This chapter introduces the relationships between absolute, relative, and transfer motion and shows how changing the reference frame affects the description of a trajectory.

  Learning Outcomes:
  By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

  1. Distinguish between absolute, relative, and transfer motion.
  2. Apply the velocity and acceleration composition formulas.
  3. Describe a trajectory from different reference frames.

  
  

  • Chapter n°4 - Relative movement Fichier
  • Tutorial n°4 - Relative movement 2026 Fichier
  • Videos-Tutorials -4: Exercises from Benzitouni Channel URL
  • Chat- 4- Relative movement
  • Forum-4- Relative movement
  • Mini Test-04 (6 pts)
• Chapter 5: Dynamics of material point
  

  Chapter 5: Dynamics of material point

  Chapter 5: Dynamics of material point

  (Rectilinear and Rotational movements)

  
  

  
  

  Chapter Description:
  Isaac Newton (1642–1727) proposed the bold idea that the Moon “falls” toward the Earth in the same way that an apple falls to the ground. The difference lies in the Moon’s initial horizontal velocity, which causes it to follow a curved path rather than striking the Earth. Thus, vertical free fall and orbital motion are phenomena of the same nature.

  Newton extended this reasoning to all celestial bodies in orbit and formulated the universal law of gravitation: any two bodies attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them.

  This chapter is devoted to dynamics, the branch of mechanics that studies the relationships between motion and the forces that produce or modify it.

  Learning Outcomes:
  

  The student will be able to:

  1. Determine the characteristics of certain forces;
  2. Apply Newton's three laws;
  3. Introduce the angular momentum theorem;
  4. Practice solving differential equations of motion;
  5. Study center-axis motion.

  • Chapter 4 : Dynamics of material point Fichier
  • Tutorial n°5 - Dynamics (2026) Fichier
  • Videos-Tutorials -5: Exercises from Benzitouni Channel URL
  • Chat-5- Dynamics
  • Forum-5- Dynamics
  • Devoir-5- Dynamics
  • Mini Test -5 (6 pts)
• Chapter 6: Work and Energy
  

  Chapter 6: Work and Energy

  Chapter 6: Work and Energy

  

  Chapter Description:
  We all have an intuitive understanding of what energy represents. We know that it is something that can be consumed—for example, fuel (chemical energy) is burned to produce motion—and something that can be stored, such as electrical energy preserved in chemical form within a battery.

  In everyday language, the term work is used far less frequently than energy. In physics, however, work plays a central role: it represents the transfer of energy from one system to another.

  In this chapter, we will explore the origins of the concept of energy, clarify its various forms, and highlight its fundamental relationship with motion.

  Learning Outcomes:
  

  By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:

  1. Calculate the work done by a force along a specified path.
  2. Apply the work–energy theorem to determine the motion of a point mass.
  3. Determine the potential energy associated with a conservative force.
  4. Use the mechanical energy theorem to analyze and qualitatively predict the trajectory of a system.

  • Chapter 5: Work and Energy Fichier
  • Tutorial n°6 - Work and energy Fichier
  • Videos-Tutorials -6: Exercises from Benzitouni Channel URL
  • Chat-6-Work and Energy
  • Forum-6-Work and Energy
  • Mini Test-6 (6 pts)
• Test Final
  

  Test Final

  Test Final

  

  To verify that you have acquired the skills targeted by this module, please take this final test.

  
  

  • Test Final
• References
  

  References

  Bibliographic references

  [1] Hassiba RABOUHI, « Polycopié de cours sur la Mécanique du Point », Université A. MIRA-Bejaia.

  [2] Ziani NOSSAIR, Ahmed BOUTAOUS, « Mécanique du Point Matériel, Cours et exercices », Université des sciences et technologie d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerie, 2015/2016.

  [3] Ahmed FIZAZI, « Mécanique du point Matériel, Rappel de cours et Exercices Corrigés », Office de publication universitaires, Edition N° 5231, 2016.

  [4] Ahmed RAHMANI, « Cours de Physique I : Mécanique du Point Matériel », Université Larbi Ben M'hidi Oum El-Bouaghi, 2017/2018.

  [5] Marcelo ALONSO et Edward. J FINN, « Cours de physique générale : Tome I Mécanique et thermodynamique », InterEditions, 2000.

  [6] M. BOUGUECHAL, « Cours de physique I, Chapitre 2, Institut polytechnique des sciences appliquées IPSA », département de physique, France, 2010/2011.

  [7] Christian BOURDILLON, « Notions de base sur les incertitudes et le traitement des données expérimentales en physique, chimie, biologie », Coordinateur, version Juillet 2001.

  [8] David SENECHAL, « Mecanique I », Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005.

  [9] Benjamin LASSAGNE, « Mécanique du Point », Département de Génie Physique, université INSA Toulouse, 2018//2019.

  [10] Khireddine THABET, « mécanique du point matériel », Ecole Nationale Polytechnique de Constantine (ENPC), 2016/2017.

  [11] Moued MEBREK, « Cours mécanique du point matériel », Centre universitaire Nour Elbachir d'elbayadh, Institut des sciences, 2018/2019.

  [12] Bernard YCART, « Équations différentielles », Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, 2011.

  [13] « Mécanique Générale cours-td-exams ISET Nabeul », Institut supérieur des études technologiques de Nabeul, département de génie mécanique.

  https://www.technologuepro.com/mecanique-generale/chapitre-1-calcul-vectoriel.pdf      

  [14] Cinématique.pdf.

  https://melusine.eu.org/syracuse/immae/mpsi/physique-chimie/mecanique/01.pdf    

  [15] Vitesse accélération.pdf.

   http://old.al.lu/physics/deuxieme/mousset/vitesse_acceleration.pdf 

  [16] Coordonnées curviligne.pdf.

   http://www.fresnel.fr/perso/stout/electromag/Coordonnees_curviligne.pdf

  [17] Mouvement relative.pdf.

  http://data0.eklablog.com/physiquechimiecc67/perso/preparation%20cpge/physique/mouvement%20relatif%20et%20mouvement%20absolu.pdf

  [18] Travail, Puissance et Energie.pdf.

    https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7AuECJP6zhFSFZXMHc5by1DbE0/view   

  [19] Chapitre III : Travail et énergie.pdf.

  http://www.iihe.ac.be/~cvdvelde/Info/Cours/ChapIII.pdf