Economy

Topic outline

• ECONOMY -Welcome message-
  

  ECONOMY -Welcome message-

  
  

  Dear students, we have already strated the second semester
  

  On this occasion I wish success for everyone.

  
  

  
  

  

  Teacher in charge
  Dr. TLILANI F. ZAHRA
  Department of Business and Administration Management
  Institute of Technology, University of Oum El Bouaghi
  Contact:
  e-mail: fatimazahra.tlilani@univ-oeb.dz
   
  Good Luck

  • Micro Economics -Presentation Module- Chat

    These presentations include a series of lessons (lectures) for the MICRO ECONOMICS course, which is the result of teaching the course for many  years, where the content has been adapted to the ministerial program set, to be available either in its paper version at the level of libraries or in its electronic version at the level of specialized websites for this purpose to help students and those interested in this subject to understand more and prepare for more advanced future academic and professional levels

    The

    lessons willbe in summary or detail as needed and in line with the nature of

    the training of a professional and applied nature directed and designated for

    students of the Department of Institutional and Departmental Management at their

    various levels.

    As for the content of the lessons, it will vary  betweennecessaryt heoretical concepts in the form of Word and PDF files or presentations in the form of Power Point files, in addition to explanatory videos

    
    

    
    

• MicroEconomics Target Category + Objectives of the module
  

  MicroEconomics Target Category + Objectives of the module

  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  
  

  

  
  

  Micro-Economics 
   
  Number of weekly lectures: 1

  
  

      Number of weekly tutorials : 1 for each group

  
  

  
     Coefficients: 3

  
  

  
  
• Economic Actors
  

  Economic Actors

  In the end  of this lesson, students will be able to:
  

  • make the deffirence between the differents actors of the economy
    

  •  Highlight the relationship between each other
    

   
  

  Economic actors refer to the participants in economic activities in an economy. They use productive resources and interact with each other with their respective motives and compensation, involving the flow of goods and income. Synonym market participants are economic agents.

  We group economic actors into the following three categories:

  
  

  
  

  • Household File
  • Government File
  • Business Sector File
  • Financial Sector File
  • Economics Sectors URL

    This video shows the most important economic sectors: primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.

  • TD 1........Colors of economy Forum

    This space has been opened and allocated to discuss the modern names of economic sectors according to a set of colors.

    
    

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  • Colors of the Economy File
  • Circular flow of economy Page

    Elements that make up a circular flow

    Would you like to know what are the elements that make up one of the most important concepts in economics? Discover them below so that you can understand how this diagram works: 

    1. Companies

    It's impossible for a country's economy to function if we don't have companies that produce the basic goods that allow us to subsist. That's why many specialists consider companies to be a fundamental indicator of the financial scale of a nation.

    At the end of the day, companies generate products, services and jobs for the population, a population that exchanges them for time and workforce, which allows them to obtain money to satisfy their daily needs. 

    Thus, we could say that it's the first win-win relationship that ever existed in the story of humanity.

    2. Household economies

    This is the group of people who have human capital, money, equipment and land and sell them to investors or businessmen to exploit commercially. 

    3. Public sector

    The government is a key factor in the functioning of the circular flow diagram. 

    Its job is to keep the peace for all economic agents and it obtains revenues by collecting taxes. Once they receive the resources, they have the obligation to return it to the population through subsidies, public services, security, infrastructure and economic policies that give stability to the whole country. 

    3. Foreign sector

    The last element of the circular flow is the foreign sector: since the time of the cavemen, people have realized that they need to work together with individuals from other areas in order to survive.

    This is where exports and imports come into play and strongly influence the circular flow of a country's income. 

    The plan is for a nation to sell more than it spends

    If you think about it, the same thing happens with personal finances. 

    

• 

   

  Economic growth refers to an increase in the size of a country's economy over a period of time. The size of an economy is typically measured by the total production of goods and services in the economy, which is called gross domestic product (GDP).

  
  

  

  

  

  EXAMPLE

  Suppose that in year 1, the volume of apples produced was 100kg and the price of apples was $2 per kg, so the total value of production was $200 (100 x $2). In year 2, 104kg of apples were produced and the price was $2.05 per kg, so the total value of production was $213.20 (104 x $2.05).

  
  

  

  
  

  

  
  

  
  

  

  
  

  In this example, nominal GDP growth (6.6 per cent) is more than real GDP growth (4 per cent) because it includes the increase in prices over the period. (The sum of the growth rates of real GDP and prices is close to, but not exactly equal to, the growth rate of nominal GDP.)

  
  

  What is Economic Development?

  

  
  

  • Origins of prosperity Book

    Tej Parikh......September 2024

    Encouraging wealth creators helps to generate economic growth and affluence

    

    Please use the sharing tools found via the share button at the top or side of articles. Copying articles to share with others is a breach of FT.com T&Cs and Copyright Policy. Email licensing@ft.com to buy additional rights. Subscribers may share up to 10 or 20 articles per month using the gift article service. More information can be found here.
    https://www.ft.com/content/8e9e0c0c-7c90-43e3-b036-075413acdd64
    
    Big government has returned to the western world. The language of subsidies, protectionism and state-led industrial strategy are once again central to political debate. Public attitudes to wealth creators have been souring for a while, too. But, as state interventionism plays a greater role in our economies, it is easy to lose sight of the pivotal role businesses and entrepreneurs have playe
    

  • What is Growth Economy File
  • https://meet.google.com/gtu-ywuf-nfk (Calculate the economy growth rate) Google Meet™ for Moodle

    he space for inquiry and discussion on calculating the economic growth rate will be open for those who understand the calculation method or who have not attended the lecture previously. The remote attendance space will be from 20-21 pm.
    

  • Feedback (Economy growth rate)

    This space is dedicated to evaluating lectures related to calculating the nominal and real economic growth rate.
    

  • Economic Development Forum

    In the presence of uncertainty about what a country can be good at producing, there can be great social value to discovering costs of domestic activities because such discoveries can be easily imitated. We develop a general-equilibrium framework for a small open economy to clarify the analytical and normative issues. We highlight two failures of the laissez-faire outcome: there is too little investment and entrepreneurship ex ante, and too much production diversification ex post. Optimal policy consists of counteracting these distortions: to encourage investments in the modern sector ex ante, but to rationalize production ex post. We provide some informal evidence on the building blocks of our model.
    

• Market Equilibrium
  

  Market Equilibrium

  In this section we will present market equilibrium and the most prominent interaction mechanisms.

  
  

  After studying these lectures, the student will be able to:

  - Identify supply and demand mechanisms.

  - How the market is balanced

  
  

  • Market Definition Lesson

    What Is a Market?

    A market is any place or venue where buyers and sellers can exchange goods and services. A market may be physical, like a retail outlet, or virtual, like an online brokerage with no physical contact between buyers and sellers.

    Some key characteristics of a market are the availability of an arena, buyers and sellers, and a commodity or other asset that can be bought and sold.

    
    

    
    

    
    

    • A market is a venue where buyers and sellers can meet to facilitate the exchange or transaction of goods and services.
    • Markets can be physical, like a retail outlet, or virtual, like an e-retailer.
    • Other examples include illegal markets, auction markets, and financial markets.
    • The prices of goods and services in a market are determined by supply and demand.
    • Features of a market include the availability of an arena, buyers and sellers, and commodities.

    
    

    
    

  • Market: What It Means in Economics File

    Every trade needs at least two parties, a buyer and a seller. In some cases, a third party is required to introduce competition and balance the market. As such, a market in a state of perfect competition, among other things, is characterized by a high number of active buyers and sellers.
    

  • Organisation des activités Group self-selection

    In this unit we will organize the work of the activities through groups that the students are organized into, so that the tasks are divided during the in-person lectures.

    
    

  • Law of Supply and Demand in Economics File

    The law of supply and demand combines two fundamental economic principles that describe how changes in the price of a resource, commodity, or product affect its supply and demand

    Levels of supply and demand for varying prices can be plotted on a graph as curves. The intersection of these curves marks the equilibrium or market-clearing price at which demand equals supply and represents the process of price discovery in the marketplace.

    
    

  • Demand and Supply URL

    upply is generally considered to slope upward: as the price rises, suppliers are willing to produce more. Demand is generally considered to slope downward: at higher prices, consumers buy less
    

• price component
  

  price component

  
  

  After studying this chapter, the student will be able to:
  - Distinguish between different types of prices
  - Know how to form a price
  - Determine the price of a project

  
  

  • Price components URL

    Price components represent each of the multiple products, skus, or parts that make up an offering. The total price of your or your competitor's offering is expressed as the sum total of the relevant price components per the relevant price unit.

    
    
  • Price....Concept, types and factors affecting File
  • Prices VS Costs Chat

    
    

    
    

    Cost is typically the expense incurred for making a product or service that is sold by a company.
    

    Price is the amount a customer is willing to pay for a product or service. The cost of producing a product has a direct impact on both the price of the product and the profit earned from its sale.

    
    

    
    

  • Price Calculating PDF Annotation

    
    

    
    

    I created a form for a customer who is selling products. Client would like to have the form fillable and adds up the total. For example, to purchase a shirt, the cost is $18.00 and they want 2. I need to be able to get the total. In the quantity section, they input 2 x 18 = 36 and then take different total fields and add up for the grand total at the bottom.

    Is this doable?

    
    

  • price calculating Interactive Content

    This space is dedicated to interaction between students of the course, or even with those interested in how to calculate the price of various types, whether the selling price of the product, the discount price, or other.

    
    

  • Price and cotation File

    Pricing is done according to several methods 1- Pricing based on value for the consumer: This method is based on a simple idea, which is that the consumer is the one who will judge the price of the product, and therefore pricing must be consistent with the consumer's perception of value. The consumer pays a value (price) in exchange for obtaining a value (the benefit of the product or service) 2- Cost-based pricing method: This is one of the most common methods, as the cost is relied upon to determine the price of the product with the addition of a percentage or margin representing the profit of the company or organization. An organization may rely on adding a percentage to the average cost of the product. 3- Competition-based pricing: It is based on determining prices based on competitors' marketing strategies, costs, prices and offers. Consumers here evaluate the value of products based on the prices of similar products available with competitors.
    

• TD Topics......Economic Blocs
  

  TD Topics......Economic Blocs

  
  

  In this unit, after reviewing the lessons and activities, the student will be able to:

   - Identify economic blocs and integrations.

  
  

   - The most prominent and famous blocs on the global economic level and how they interact with each other.

  
  

   - The extent of the impact of these blocs on economic data
  

  
  

  
  

  

  
  

  
  

  • TD 2..........The European Union and the BRICS Book

    This book disscused Complex Relations in the Era of Global Governance

    Editors:

    • Marek Rewizorski

    

    About this book

    This book explores the relations between the EU and the BRICS in the areas of politics, economic development, trade and security. The contributions cover topics such as the position of the EU and BRICS in the global order and the EU as a "normative power," as well as the evolution, characteristics and institutionalization of BRICS and the roles of its member countries Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. The book will appeal to researchers and scholars interested in the rise of BRICS and the resulting challenges and opportunities for the European Union and Global Governance.       

    
    

  • What are trading blocs ? URL

    In this video, we investigate trading blocs. A trading bloc is a group of countries that join together to promote economic cooperation by reducing trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, between member nations. These agreements aim to boost trade among the participating countries, stimulate economic growth and enhance their collective bargaining power in international trade negotiations. Trading blocs can take various forms, from free trade areas where internal barriers are eliminated but each member maintains its own external trade policies, to customs unions and common markets that involve deeper levels of economic integration, such as tariffs and the free movement of goods, services and labour across borders.
    

  • EU History File

    
    

  • EU Countries members File

    
    

  • TD 3........Learn about BRICS File

    BRICS is an intergovernmental organization comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China,
    South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates.

    
    

    
    

  • Preparing for Exams Google Meet™ for Moodle

    This link is dedicated to open a space for discussing lecture lessons and preparing for exams.
    

    
    

  • Question Model Exam File
• References
  

  References

  This unit includes a list of references in the field of economics through which the student's knowledge can be enriched in topics and analyses related to economics.

  

  
  

  References

  - DDA, J. The Globalization of the Economy. 8th ed. Paris: La Découverte, 2012. 

  - Alternatives économiques, special issue, 2013, n°97, 3rd quarter.
  

  - Alternatives économiques, special issue: The Sustainable Economy, 2009, n°83. 

  - BOUZIDI, N. Economic Globalization: A New Articulation Between the National and the International. Algerian Review of Legal, Economic and Political Sciences, 2010.

   - BOUZIDI, N. The Problem of Local Development in Algeria: The State-Local Authorities Relationship. Idara Review, 2003, n°26.
  

  - CLERC, D. North-South an Inevitable Gap? Deciphering the Economy. Paris: La Découverte, 2011.

   - CLERC, D. Towards Sustainable Development? Deciphering the Economy. Paris: La Découverte, 2011.

   - COULOMB, F.; LONGATTE, J.; VANHOVE, P. Economy. 5th ed. Paris: Dunod, 2015. - DELEAGE, J. P. Sustainable Development? In: The Major Economic and Social Issues. Edited by COMBEMALE, P. Paris: La Découverte, 2013.