Statistics 2025/2026

This lesson introduces the Mann–Whitney U Test, a non-parametric alternative to the independent samples t-test used to compare two independent groups when data are ordinal or non-normally distributed. Students will explore the test’s purpose, assumptions, and interpretation, with applications to EFL research contexts such as comparing motivation, engagement, or proficiency levels between learner groups. By the end of the lesson, learners will understand when and how to apply the Mann–Whitney U test and how to interpret its results meaningfully when parametric assumptions are violated.