Topic outline

  • General

  • OS2

    Faculty of Exact Sciences and Nature and Life Sciences

    Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

    Operating Systems II


    Intended for:

    3rd Year of Bachelor's Degree

    Field: 

    Computer Science (ISSE)
    Objectives: 
    Review the fundamentals of operating systems and process management.
Program threads and mutual exclusion mechanisms in C under Unix.
Learn advanced concepts about operating systems.
Conduct a theoretical and practical study of the models used in process management and synchronization.

  • Prerequisites:

    • Operating Systems 1
    • Algorithms and Data Structures

    Content: 

    • Chapter 4: Interlock

    Evaluation Method:

    • Exam : 60%
    • Continued Evaluation: 40% (20% + 20%)

    References :

  • Tanenbaum, A. S. (Modern operating systems, 3rd edition). Pearson, 2012.
  • Silberschatz, A., Galvin, P. B., & Gagne, G. (Operating System Concepts). Dunod, 1994.
  • McHoes, A. (Operating systems: A system-based approach). Cengage Learning, 2012.
  • Stallings, W. (Operating systems: Internals and design principles). Pearson, 2012.
  • S. K. (Principes des systèmes d'exploitation et des systèmes d'exploitation). Dunod, 1993.

  • Pretest

  • Chapter 1: Generalities

    Chapter 1: Generalities

    Objectives

    • Understand OS fundamentals: Define the operating system's role as hardware-software interface and resource manager.
    • Identify core OS functions: Memory, processor, process, I/O, and file management.
    • Distinguish programs vs. processes: Recognize static code vs. dynamic execution instances with PCBs.
    • Master process lifecycle: Track state transitions (New → Ready → Running → Blocked → Terminated).
    • Understand threads and parallelism: Apply Bernstein's condition and precedence graphs to identify parallelizable tasks.
    • Analyze task system determinism: Determine if concurrent executions yield consistent results.
    • Optimize parallelism: Identify and remove redundant precedence constraints for maximal parallelism.

    Chapter Content:

    1. Operating System Basics

    2. Core Concepts: Programs, Processes, Threads

    3. Shared Resources

    4. Task Systems & Parallelism

  • Chapter 2: Process Synchronization

    Chapter 2: Process Synchronization

    Objectives:

    • Understand race conditions: Identify data inconsistency risks when processes access shared resources concurrently.
    • Define critical sections: Isolate code that accesses shared resources to ensure safe execution.
    • Solve mutual exclusion: Ensure only one process accesses a shared resource at a time.
    • Apply synchronization mechanisms: Use locks, semaphores, and monitors appropriately.
    • Meet correctness criteria: Guarantee safety, fairness, bounded waiting, and portability.
    • Implement atomic operations: Use indivisible P/V or wait/signal primitives correctly.

    Chapter Content:

    1 Race Conditions
    2 Mutual Exclusion
    3 Locks
    4 Semaphores
    5 Monitors

  • This topic

    Chapter 3: Interprocess Communication

    Chapter 3: Interprocess Communication

    Objectives

    • Understand process cooperation: Distinguish independent vs. cooperative processes and identify why IPC is needed.
    • Master shared memory IPC: Use memory segments for high-speed data exchange with proper synchronization.
    • Apply message passing: Implement mailbox/port-based communication for decoupled, asynchronous messaging.
    • Use pipes effectively: Leverage anonymous and named pipes (FIFOs) for unidirectional process communication.
    • Program socket communication: Build networked and local IPC using TCP, UDP, and UNIX domain sockets.
    • Solve classic synchronization problems: Apply IPC primitives to Producer-Consumer and Readers-Writers scenarios.
    Chapter Content:
    1 Process Cooperation
2 Shared Memory
3 Message Passing (Mailboxes/Ports)
4 Pipes
5 Sockets
  • Chapter 4: Deadlock
    Chapter 4: Deadlock
    Objectives
    • Understand deadlock fundamentals: Define deadlock and recognize why it threatens system reliability and performance.
    • Identify the four necessary conditions: Mutual exclusion, hold-and-wait, no preemption, circular wait.
    • Model resource allocation: Use Resource Allocation Graphs (RAG) to visualize and detect potential deadlocks.
    • Apply deadlock handling strategies: Compare prevention, avoidance, and detection/recovery approaches.
    • Implement the Banker's Algorithm: Use safety checks to avoid unsafe states in resource allocation.
    • Design recovery mechanisms: Handle deadlocks via process termination or resource preemption when they occur.
    Chapter Content:
    1 Introduction to Deadlock
2 System Model & Resource Types
3 Four Necessary Conditions for Deadlock
4 Resource Allocation Graph (RAG)
5 Deadlock Handling Methods
      • Prevention (Break one necessary condition)
      • Avoidance (Banker's Algorithm)
      • Detection & Recovery
      • Ignore (Ostrich)
  • Announcement: short exam
  • Test for Exam Preparation